1. Explain the three types of long exposures. Long exposures can be categorized into three groups short, Medium, and long. Short are described as less than a second to a couple of second, medium is described a minute or so and long exposures can go on as long as possible. 2. How does the use of a neutral density filter change the way the photograph looks? The ND filter blocks light so that a photo exposed for a long time when there is plenty of light doesn't come out too bright or look over exposed. 3. What are the steps to shooting lightning? To shoot lightning you need to compose your picture like any other landscape photo, set your camera to a long exposure and attempt to catch the lightning strike in the first or last 5 seconds of the exposure. 4. How are star trails created? Star Trails are created by positioning a camera towards the sky and allowing it to be exposed for a long period of time. 5. How does Reciprocity Failure change the way the film reacts to light? Reciprocity failure is based of the fact that chemicals used in film are not always consistent and when used over a long period of time can falter and cause certain colors in the photo or different kinds of light to be recorded differently. This can be combated by having a longer exposure time or utilizing light filters.